Research and Development Expenditure on research and development by Land and sector expressed as a percentage of GDP

Expenditure on research and development in 2022 by Land and sector - Expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)1
LandGovernment sector,
private non-profit
institutions
Higher education
sector
Business enterprise
sector
Total
1: Gross domestic product (GDP) as of January 2024 for Germany and March 2024 for Länder.
2: Including resources which cannot be apportioned.

Sources: Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden; Stifterverband Wissenschaftsstatistik, Essen; Working Group on the National Accounts of the Länder.
Baden-Württemberg0.420.554.685.65
Bayern0.350.482.573.40
Berlin1.190.871.163.23
Brandenburg0.750.410.531.69
Bremen1.320.781.083.19
Hamburg0.400.581.102.08
Hessen0.370.492.233.10
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern0.630.620.471.72
Niedersachsen0.370.541.792.69
Nordrhein-Westfalen0.350.591.272.22
Rheinland-Pfalz0.270.432.112.81
Saarland0.490.600.831.92
Sachsen0.800.861.353.02
Sachsen-Anhalt0.510.660.411.58
Schleswig-Holstein0.400.480.801.68
Thüringen0.590.791.382.76
Germany20.450.572.113.13

As at 24 May 2024

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